Diseases and Infectious Diseases
Disease is defined as an abnormal disruption of the body’s normal functioning. Some diseases affect a specific organ system, while others affect the entire body. Each disease has different symptoms, causes, and signs. Diseases are the subject of the branch of medicine called pathology. According to medical records, there are over 20,000 different diseases that affect millions of people worldwide every year.
Viruses
Viruses are microscopic organisms that cause diseases, and they spread from person to person through bodily fluids and contaminated surfaces. They can also be spread through sexual intercourse and insect bites. In most cases, these diseases require reporting to health departments in the affected area.
Bacteria
Infectious diseases are caused by bacteria or viruses that can affect a person’s health. Bacteria are single-celled organisms found in a variety of environments. Many are harmless and can help the body digest food. Some are harmful, however, and can cause disease. These infectious diseases are contagious, meaning they can be spread from one person to another.
Fungi
Fungi and communicable diseases are closely related and can result in the same symptoms. The main differences between these two diseases are the mode of transmission and the treatment required. Some infections can be cured by simple medical treatment, while others are life-threatening and require hospitalization.
Parasites
The spread of parasitic diseases has a huge impact on human health and well-being. They are responsible for high mortality rates and affect the quality of life of humans worldwide. In addition, many of them are preventable. By ensuring proper sanitation and water quality, parasite-free environments can be created and maintained.
Viral infections
Viral infections are a common cause of death and illness, and there are a variety of ways to contract them. Some can be life-threatening, and some can be mild. Some can also cause dehydration and secondary bacterial infections. People with weakened immune systems or chronic diseases are particularly at risk. Sexually transmitted diseases can also lead to serious complications. Therefore, it is essential to seek medical care if you suspect you are infected.
Oral-faecal route
The oral-faecal route is one of the major ways that disease spreads. It involves the ingestion of contaminated feces by a person from another person. While this rarely occurs on purpose, it can occur if a person does not wash their hands after using the toilet. Other methods of spreading germs include contaminated surfaces and food.
Contact with fluids
Communicable diseases are spread through contact with fluids, including blood, fecal matter and body fluids. Some of these infections are directly transmitted through skin to skin contact, and others are spread indirectly through contact with contaminated objects or surfaces. Infections transmitted by direct contact include infectious mononucleosis, infectious gonorrhea and hookworm. Other diseases are spread through contact with the body fluids of someone infected with a bloodborne disease.
By contaminated food or water
Food-borne illnesses can be caused by a variety of pathogens and toxins. Most commonly, they cause symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal cramps, or nausea. Symptoms can last for several days or be more severe and may require hospitalization. However, food-borne illnesses can be preventable if precautions are taken.
